Purpose In 2007 the two senior authors wrote a review on the structure and function of the
endothelial glycocalyx layer (Weinbaum in Annu Rev Biomed Eng 9: 121–167, 2007). Since …

The endothelial glycocalyx (EG), which covers the apical surface of the endothelial cells and
floats into the lumen of the vessels, is a key player in vascular integrity and cardiovascular …

In the vascular system, the endothelial surface layer (ESL) as the inner surface of blood
vessels affects mechanotransduction, vascular permeability, rheology, thrombogenesis, and …

The glycocalyx surrounds every eukaryotic cell and is a complex mesh of proteins and
carbohydrates. It consists of proteoglycans with glycosaminoglycan side chains, which are …

The airway epithelial glycocalyx plays an important role in preventing severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 entry into the epithelial cells, while the endothelial …

Despite decades of efforts to reduce sodium intake, excess dietary sodium remains
commonplace, and contributes to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality …

Cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) play key roles in regulating cell
behavior, cell signaling, and cell matrix interactions in both physiological and pathological …

Endothelial function typically exhibits a hormetic response to exercise. It is unknown whether
endothelial damage occurs in response to acute exercise and could be a contributing …

The surface of all animal cells is coated with a layer of carbohydrates linked in various ways
to the outer side of the plasma membrane. These carbohydrates are mainly bound to …

The lining of blood vessels is constantly exposed to mechanical forces exerted by blood flow
against the endothelium. Endothelial cells detect these tangential forces (ie, shear stress) …