Nucleotides play a crucial role in extracellular signaling across species boundaries. All the
three kingdoms of life (Bacteria, Archea and Eukariota) are responsive to extracellular ATP …

The intestinal tract of vertebrates is normally colonized with a remarkable number of
commensal microorganisms that are collectively referred to as gut microbiota. Gut microbiota …

Abstract Interleukin (IL)-17-producing CD4+ T lymphocytes (TH17 cells) constitute a subset
of T-helper cells involved in host defence and several immune disorders,. An intriguing …

Background Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is used as an intracellular energy source by all
living organisms. It plays a central role in the respiration and metabolism, and is the most …

Purines appear to be the most primitive and widespread chemical messengers in the animal
and plant kingdoms. The evidence for purinergic signalling in plants, invertebrates and …

The purinergic signalling system, which utilises ATP, related nucleotides and adenosine as
transmitter molecules, appeared very early in evolution: release mechanisms and ATP …

Background Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative
disorder with onset and severity of symptoms influenced by various environmental factors …

T cell dependent secretory IgA (SIgA) generated in the Peyer's patches (PPs) of the small
intestine shapes a broadly diverse microbiota that is crucial for host physiology. The …

The intestinal microbiota plays a pivotal role in maintaining human health and well-being.
Previously, we have shown that mice deficient in the brush-border enzyme intestinal alkaline …

Theoretical aspects of the adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence assay based on the use
of the firefly luciferin–luciferase system are considered, as well as its application for …