Despite the ambitious target to establish 12.7 million ha of social forestry across Indonesia
and various government support for smallholder private forests, implementation has been …

Smallholder tree-growers make substantial contributions to commercial wood flows in many
countries in Asia. Many of these growers choose eucalypt and/or acacia species, which offer …

Many smallholder tree growers in developing countries and those advising them, hold a
view that if they plant trees a market will materialize when the time is right. However, despite …

Research on livelihood resilience not only helps to understand the adverse impact of COVID-
19 on farmers' livelihoods, but also helps to formulate concrete actions to enhance the …

Encouraging smallholders to diversify their livelihoods has been a long-held policy objective
of many governments to create resilient rural communities that can cope with seasonal …

Efforts to sustain multi-scalar benefit flows from forests increasingly concentrate on
interventions in landscapes. Integrated landscape approaches have emerged as the …

Community forests are defined as forests that grow on private land and are managed by
farmers on a small scale. Most of the community forests in Indonesia are managed by …

Abstract Cattle fattening using Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) as the source or the
main component of the cattle's diets is one of the proven innovations that can provide …

Abstract Art-training courses are an important form of practical education, with cultivating
students' innovative thinking and practical skills as their primary objective. In classroom …

A diverse range of agroforestry practices are evident within farming systems in developing
countries, but further research is needed to enhance their productivity and profitability and to …