This paper shows recent progress in our understanding of climate variability and trends in
the Amazon region, and how these interact with land use change. The review includes an …

Humans have been modifying ecosystems since before the Holocene began ca. 12,000
years ago, even in Neotropical regions. The Amazon was once thought to be 'pristine'and …

Recent exceptionally hot droughts in Amazonia have highlighted the potential role of global
warming in driving changes in rainfall and temperatures in the region. The previous …

Biomass burning in the Brazilian Amazon is modulated by climate factors, such as droughts,
and by human factors, such as deforestation, and land management activities. The increase …

Tropical forests are shifting in species and trait composition, but the main underlying causes
remain unclear because of the short temporal scales of most studies. Here, we develop a …

Background Fire is known to affect forest biodiversity, carbon storage, and public health
today; however, comparable fire histories from across forest regions in Amazonia are …

Droughts can have severe ecological, social, and economic impacts. Some impacts are
particularly severe if droughts last longer than 1 year and water stores are not fully …

Almost half of the tributaries of the Amazon River originate in the tropical Andes and support
large populations in mountain regions and downstream areas. However, it is difficult to …

Amazonia is under threat. Biodiversity and redundancy loss in the Amazon biome severely
limits the long-term provision of key ecosystem services in diverse spatial scales (local …

In the context of increasingly frequent and severe climate extremes, an understanding of the
impacts of these events on gross primary production (GPP) and thus on land carbon uptake …