Cancer is a complex disease whose outcome depends largely on the cross-talk between the
tumor and its microenvironment. Here, we review the evolution of the field of tumor …

Tumorigenesis begins long before the growth of a clinically detectable lesion and, indeed,
even before any of the usual morphological correlates of pre-malignancy are recognizable …

Colon cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide. Most colorectal cancer
occurrences are sporadic, not related to genetic predisposition or family history; however, 20 …

What happens in early, still undetectable human malignancies is unknown because direct
observations are impractical. Here we present and validate a'Big Bang'model, whereby …

Precision medicine requires an understanding of cancer genes and mutational processes,
as well as an appreciation of the extent to which these are found heterogeneously in cancer …

Recent studies have revealed extensive genetic diversity both between and within tumours.
This heterogeneity affects key cancer pathways, driving phenotypic variation, and poses a …

Clear cell renal carcinomas (ccRCCs) can display intratumor heterogeneity (ITH). We
applied multiregion exome sequencing (M-seq) to resolve the genetic architecture and …

Advances in next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics have led to an unprecedented
view of the cancer genome and its evolution. Genomic studies have demonstrated the …

Cancer chromosomal instability (CIN) results in an increased rate of change of chromosome
number and structure and generates intratumour heterogeneity,. CIN is observed in most …

Signaling initiated by secreted glycoproteins of the Wnt family regulates many aspects of
embryonic development and it is involved in homeostasis of adult tissues. In the …