Via its interaction in several pathways, normal thyroid function is important to maintain
normal reproduction. In both genders, changes in SHBG and sex steroids are a consistent …

Iodine deficiency has multiple adverse effects in humans, termed iodine deficiency
disorders, due to inadequate thyroid hormone production. Globally, it is estimated that 2 …

Background Iodine is an essential nutrient required for the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones,
which are responsible for regulating growth, development and metabolism. Iodine …

Several reviews and meta-analyses have examined the effects of iodine on mental
development. None focused on young children, so they were incomplete in summarizing the …

Background Mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency, particularly in pregnancy, is prevalent; this
is of concern because observational studies have shown negative associations with child …

In prospective studies, the prevalence of undiagnosed subclinical hypothyroidism in
pregnant women ranges from 3% to 15%. Subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with …

Background Although the detrimental effects of severe iodine deficiency are well
recognised, the benefits of correcting mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency are uncertain …

Background Vitamins and minerals are essential for growth and metabolism. The World
Health Organization estimates that more than 2 billion people are deficient in key vitamins …

Background: This report presents urinary iodine (UI) concentrations for the general US
population during 2005–2006 and 2007–2008. These findings are the fourth and fifth …

Context: The association between thyroid function during pregnancy and the later mental
and psychomotor development of the child is supported by numerous experimental, clinical …