Background: People are more aware of halal products in commodity markets. Halal meat is
an essential commodity for society in the Islamic commodity market in particular. The …

Background: Over the past twenty years explicit gender bias toward women in surgery has
been replaced by more subtle barriers, which represent indirect forms of discrimination and …

Background The most recent demographic data reveal that only 6.5% of practicing
orthopaedic surgeons are women, and as far as we know, only two women have held chair …

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate sex differences in full professorship among
a comprehensive, contemporary cohort of US academic surgeons. Summary of Background …

Methods: The websites for all Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-
accredited orthopaedic surgery residency programs in the United States were evaluated and …

BACKGROUND Social media has been credited with the potential to transform medicine,
and Twitter was recently named “an essential tool” for the academic surgeon. Despite this …

Background In the context of shifting population demographics in the United States, a
diverse workforce in health care can lead to improved patient outcomes and enhance …

Background: As the first large numbers of female physicians complete their careers,
information is needed to enable institutions and individuals to optimize the final career …

Abstract Background Context Despite recent advances in gender equity in medicine, the
representation of women in orthopedic and neurosurgery remains particularly low …

Methods: An Internet-based study was performed of 835 articles from three orthopaedic
journals from 2018 to 2019. The number of academic citations for each article was …