The heart is a remarkably complex organ. Teaching its details to medical students and
clinical trainees can be very difficult. Despite the complexity, accurate recognition of these …

Congenital heart disease is diagnosed in 0.4% to 5% of live births and presents unique
challenges to the pediatric anesthesiologist. Furthermore, advances in surgical …

Background—It is advocated that heterotaxy should be segregated into right or left
isomerism according to atrial appendage morphology. However, atrial situs determination is …

Objectives The main aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the prevalence and type
of associated anomalies in fetuses with heterotaxy diagnosed prenatally on ultrasound; the …

Background: Heterotaxy has been demonstrated to reduce survival. There are several
different subgroups of patients, however, and no single study has had a large number of …

The rapid changes that have taken place in recent years in relation to techniques used to
image the fetal heart have emphasized the need to have a detailed knowledge ofnormal …

Pediatric cardiologists treating patients with severe congenital cardiac defects define
“visceral heterotaxy” on the basis of isomerism of the atrial appendages. The isomeric …

BackgroundBodily isomerism, also referred to as heterotaxy, involves predominantly the
thoracic organs, although other organs are usually abnormally positioned. Previously …

Background Our aim is to identify the pathognomonic anatomical markers and the best
terminology to describe the cardiac malformations associated with absent or multiple …

So-called “heterotaxy” is a laterality defect characterized by isomerism of the thoracic organs
and random arrangement of the abdominal organs. These findings go beyond anatomic …