It is hard to ignore the importance of reading skills for desired proficiency in foreign
languages. Reading can be beneficial for learners to immerse themselves in the target …

The depth of the English orthography makes reading and spelling in English a difficult task;
particularly for English language learners (ELLs) whose first language (L1) has a shallow …

We examined the role of morphological processing in the reading of inflections and
derivations in Arabic, a morphologically-rich language, among 228 first-graders and 230 …

In the context of globalization and immigration, bilingualism and biliteracy are increasingly
common around the world. Many children learn to read and write in a bilingual and …

The English and Chinese reading proficiency of 1376 Grade 4 students in 24 Hong Kong
primary schools were assessed using measures developed for the Progress in International …

Objective: Heavy prenatal alcohol exposure is associated with impaired school functioning.
Spelling performance has not been comprehensively evaluated. We examined whether …

Objective Hearing loss can cause speech and language delays, communication barriers,
and learning problems. Such factors are associated with reduced academic achievement …

This one-year longitudinal study examined the developmental trajectories of English reading
in Chinese children learning English as a second language (ESL) and identified cognitive …

Purpose Considerable research effort has focused on understanding reading
comprehension and reading comprehension difficulties. The purpose of this correlational …

Previous work has predominantly focused on word reading in studying literacy difficulties;
very little work has focused on spelling difficulty instead. The present study adopted spelling …