For more than 200 years, the plant hormone salicylic acid (SA) has been studied for its
medicinal use in humans. However, its extensive signaling role in plants, particularly in …

The plant cuticle and cell wall separate microbial pathogens from the products of plant
metabolism. While microbial pathogens try to breach these barriers for colonization, plants …

Previously, we have shown that apoplastic wash fluid (AWF) purified from Arabidopsis
leaves contains small RNAs (sRNAs). To investigate whether these sRNAs are …

Cell-autonomous immunity is widespread in plant–fungus interactions and terminates fungal
pathogenesis either at the cell surface or after pathogen entry. Although post-invasive …

Endosomal trafficking plays an integral role in various eukaryotic cell activities and serves as
a basis for higher-order functions in multicellular organisms. An understanding of the …

In yeast and animal cells, members of the superfamily of N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor
adaptor protein receptor (SNARE)-domain-containing proteins are key players in vesicle …

In plants, salicylic acid (SA) plays important roles in regulating immunity and programed cell
death. Early studies revealed that increased SA accumulation is associated with the onset of …

Transcription factors of the NAC family are known to be involved in various growth or
developmental processes and in regulation of response to environmental stresses. In the …

The immune system of plants is highly complex. It involves pattern-triggered immunity (PTI),
which is signaled and manifested through branched multi-step pathways. To counteract this …

Membrane trafficking pathways play a prominent role in plant immunity. The endomembrane
transport system coordinates membrane-bound cellular organelles to ensure that …