Valproic acid (VPA), or sodium valproate, is a commonly used medication for seizure
disorders, migraines, and mental illness. Although VPA is relatively safe, it still has several …

Background Hyperammonemic encephalopathy is a rare and serious adverse reaction to
valproate. Although there is documentation of this reaction in previous reports, very little is …

Introduction The debate about observing total versus free serum valproate levels for
therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) has been unresolved for decades. This study was …

Background: Hyperammonemia is a common side effect of valproic acid (VPA) and can
occur after generalized seizures, but the clinical significance is unclear. The aim of this study …

DISCUSSION Hyperammonemia is a metabolic condition characterized by elevated serum
levels of ammonia. Decreased ammonia elimination may occur as a result of hepatic failure …