Chronic pain patients often develop mental disorders, and anxiety disorders are common.
We hypothesize that the comorbid anxiety results from an imbalance between the reward …

Sleep is fundamental to life, and poor sleep quality is linked to the suboptimal function of the
neural circuits that process and respond to emotional stimuli. Wakefulness (“arousal”) is …

The comorbidity of chronic pain and mental dysfunctions such as depression and anxiety
disorders has long been recognized, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly …

Environmental contexts can inform animals of potential threats, though it is currently
unknown how context biases the selection of defensive behavior. Here we investigated …

The dysregulation of neuronal networks contributes to the etiology of psychiatric diseases,
including anxiety. However, the neural circuits underlying anxiety symptoms remain …

The amygdala, which is involved in various behaviors and emotions, is reported to connect
with the whole brain. However, the long-range inputs of distinct cell types have not yet been …

The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), as part of the extended amygdala, has
become a region of increasing interest regarding its role in numerous human stress-related …

The central extended amygdala (EAc) is a forebrain macrosystem which has been widely
implicated in reward, fear, anxiety, and pain. Its two key structures, the lateral bed nucleus of …

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by hypervigilance, increased
reactivity to unpredictable versus predictable threat signals, deficits in fear extinction, and an …

As the incidence of anxiety disorders is more prevalent in females, comparing the neural
underpinnings of anxiety in males and females is imperative. The bed nucleus of the stria …