THE optimization of interplanetary trajectories continues to generate a great deal of interest
[1, 2]. In interplanetary missions, it is usually desired to send a spacecraft to rendezvous with …

Many systems architecture optimization problems are characterized by a variable number of
optimization variables. Many classical optimization algorithms are not suitable for such …

In interplanetary trajectory optimization, events such as planetary gravitational-assist
maneuvers (swingbys) and deep-space maneuvers can be added/removed from the …

The problem of optimal design of a multi-gravity-assist space trajectories, with free number
of deep space maneuvers (MGADSM) poses multi-modal cost functions. In the general form …

A main challenge in designing interplanetary trajectories is the fact that the number of
design variables varies among different solutions. Global optimization methods that optimize …