Discovered more than 30 years ago, the angiotensin AT 2 receptor (AT 2 R) has evolved
from a binding site with unknown function to a firmly established major effector within the …

Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome characterized by the activation of at least
several neurohumoral pathways that have a common role in maintaining cardiac output and …

In heart failure, it has been recognized that the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is
activated and the imbalance of the activity of the SNS and vagal activity interaction occurs …

Hypertension is a frequent condition encountered during kidney disease development and a
leading cause in its progression. Hallmark factors contributing to hypertension constitute a …

The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is known to play a pivotal role in short-and long-term
regulation of different functions of the cardiovascular system. In the past decades increasing …

The imbalance between the synthesis of reactive oxygen species and their elimination by
antioxidant defense systems results in macromolecular damage and disruption of cellular …

Neuronal elements distributed throughout the cardiac nervous system, from the level of the
insular cortex to the intrinsic cardiac nervous system, are in constant communication with …

Sudden cardiac death resulting from ventricular tachyarrhythmias remains the leading cause
of death in industrially developed countries, accounting for between 300,000 and 500,000 …

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive disorder, which is the leading
genetic cause of infantile death. SMA is the most common inherited motor neuron disease …

Rationale: Angiotensin converting enzyme type 2 (ACE2) is a new member of the brain renin-
angiotensin system, that might be activated by an overactive renin-angiotensin system …