Over the past two decades, there has been a tremendous increase in our understanding of
structural and functional brain development in adolescence. However, understanding the …

Research has elucidated causal links between stress exposure and the development of
anxiety disorders, but due to the limited use of female or sex-comparative animal models …

Psychiatric disorders are characterized by sex differences in their prevalence,
symptomatology and treatment response. Animal models have been widely employed for …

The elevated plus maze (EPM) and elevated zero maze (EZM) are behavioral tests that are
widely employed to assess anxiety-like behaviors in rats and mice following experimental …

Human aggression/impulsivity-related traits have a complex background that is greatly
influenced by genetic and non-genetic factors. The relationship between aggression and …

Estrogens exert profound effects on the expression of anxiety in humans and rodents;
however, the directionality of these effects varies considerably within both clinical and …

Stress-related disorders such as anxiety and depression are disproportionately prevalent in
women. Women are more likely to experience depression and anxiety disorders during …

Postpartum depression (PPD) affects∼ 10–18% of women in the general population and
results in serious consequences to both the mother and offspring. We hypothesized that …

Converging evidence from cellular, electrophysiological, anatomic, and behavioral studies
suggests that the remodeling of synapse structure and function is a critical component of …

The hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis plays a key role in the neuroendocrine
response to stress and in maintaining physiological homoeostasis. However, stress that is …