The dietary pattern in industrialized countries has changed substantially over the past
century due to technological advances in agriculture, food processing, storage, marketing …

The three principles of reinforcement are (1) events such as incentives and reinforcers
increase the activity of an organism;(2) that activity is bounded by competition from other …

Using a consistent Skinnerian perspective, Behavior Analysis and Learning: A
Biobehavioral Approach, Sixth Edition provides an advanced introduction to the principles of …

Recreational use of the cathinone derivative 3, 4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV;“bath
salts”) has increased worldwide in past years, accompanied by accounts of health and legal …

Synaptogenesis is essential for circuit development; however, it is unknown whether it is
critical for the establishment and performance of goal-directed voluntary behaviors. Here, we …

Progressive ratio (PR) schedules of reinforcement have been used to measure the relative
reinforcing value (RRV) of food in humans as young as 8 years old; however …

The Positive Valence Systems (PVS) have been introduced by the National Institute of
Mental Health as a domain to help organize multiple constructs focusing on reward-seeking …

Obesity is primarily due to food intake in excess of the body's energetic requirements, intake
that is not only associated with hunger but also the incentive value of food. The 5 …

Rationale Mathematical principles of reinforcement (MPR) provide the theoretical basis for a
family of models of schedule-controlled behaviour. A model of fixed-ratio schedule …

Schizophrenia is a neuropsychiatric disorder with postulated neurodevelopmental etiology.
Genetic and imaging studies have shown enhanced dopamine and D2 receptor occupancy …