Overview of the SPARC tokamak

AJ Creely, MJ Greenwald, SB Ballinger… - Journal of Plasma …, 2020 - cambridge.org
The SPARC tokamak is a critical next step towards commercial fusion energy. SPARC is
designed as a high-field () relevant to fusion power plants. SPARC's place in the path to …

Overview of the SPARC physics basis towards the exploration of burning-plasma regimes in high-field, compact tokamaks

P Rodriguez-Fernandez, AJ Creely… - Nuclear …, 2022 - iopscience.iop.org
The SPARC tokamak project, currently in engineering design, aims to achieve breakeven
and burning plasma conditions in a compact device, thanks to new developments in high …

[HTML][HTML] DREAM: a fluid-kinetic framework for tokamak disruption runaway electron simulations

M Hoppe, O Embreus, T Fülöp - Computer Physics Communications, 2021 - Elsevier
Avoidance of the harmful effects of runaway electrons (REs) in plasma-terminating
disruptions is pivotal in the design of safety systems for magnetic fusion devices. Here, we …

MHD stability and disruptions in the SPARC tokamak

R Sweeney, AJ Creely, J Doody, T Fülöp… - Journal of Plasma …, 2020 - cambridge.org
SPARC is being designed to operate with a normalized beta of that rises linearly with a
change in the plasma current. Massive material injection is planned to reduce the disruption …

Runaway dynamics in the DT phase of ITER operations in the presence of massive material injection

O Vallhagen, O Embreus, I Pusztai… - Journal of Plasma …, 2020 - cambridge.org
A runaway avalanche can result in a conversion of the initial plasma current into a relativistic
electron beam in high-current tokamak disruptions. We investigate the effect of massive …

Effect of two-stage shattered pellet injection on tokamak disruptions

O Vallhagen, I Pusztai, M Hoppe, SL Newton… - Nuclear …, 2022 - iopscience.iop.org
An effective disruption mitigation system in a tokamak reactor should limit the exposure of
the wall to localized heat losses and to the impact of high current runaway electron beams …

Evaluation of the Dreicer runaway generation rate in the presence of high-impurities using a neural network

L Hesslow, L Unnerfelt, O Vallhagen… - Journal of Plasma …, 2019 - cambridge.org
Integrated modelling of electron runaway requires computationally expensive kinetic models
that are self-consistently coupled to the evolution of the background plasma parameters. The …

Disruption runaway electron generation and mitigation in the Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production (STEP)

A Fil, L Henden, S Newton, M Hoppe… - Nuclear …, 2024 - iopscience.iop.org
Abstract Generation of Runaway Electrons (REs) during plasma disruptions is of great
concern for ITER and future reactors based on the tokamak concept. Unmitigated RE …

Runaway electron generation during tokamak start-up

M Hoppe, I Ekmark, E Berger, T Fülöp - Journal of Plasma Physics, 2022 - cambridge.org
Tokamak start-up is characterized by low electron densities and strong electric fields, in
order to quickly raise the plasma current and temperature, allowing the plasma to fully ionize …

Bayesian optimization of massive material injection for disruption mitigation in tokamaks

I Pusztai, I Ekmark, H Bergström… - Journal of Plasma …, 2023 - cambridge.org
A Bayesian optimization framework is used to investigate scenarios for disruptions mitigated
with combined deuterium and neon injection in ITER. The optimization cost function takes …