How do we understand neuronal signaling in the brain, how neurons control behavior, or
how signaling malfunctions during disease? Neuroscientists might take two approaches …

Decades of research suggest that the mesocortical dopamine system exerts powerful control
over mPFC physiology and function. Indeed, dopamine signaling in the medial prefrontal …

Mesolimbic dopamine (DA) neurons play a central role in motivation and reward processing.
Although the activity of these mesolimbic DA neurons is controlled by afferent inputs, little is …

Projections from the lateral hypothalamus (LH) to the ventral tegmental area (VTA),
containing both GABAergic and glutamatergic components, encode conditioned responses …

The nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays an important role in motivation and reward processing.
Recent studies suggest that different NAc subnuclei differentially contribute to reward …

The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a key node of the brain's circuitry that is responsible for
translating motivation into action. It has been implicated in playing critical roles in virtually all …

Functional diversity of midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons ranges across multiple scales, from
differences in intrinsic properties and connectivity to selective task engagement in behaving …

The dorsal (DS) and ventral striatum (VS) receive dopaminergic projections that control
motor functions and reward-related behavior. It remains poorly understood how dopamine …

Elaboration of appropriate responses to behavioral situations rests on the ability of selecting
appropriate motor outcomes in accordance to specific environmental inputs. To this end, the …

Individuals living with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are often plagued by
debilitating neurocognitive impairments and affective alterations; the pathophysiology …