Advances in cardiovascular research have identified oxidative stress as an important
pathophysiological pathway in the development and progression of heart failure. Oxidative …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive chemical species containing oxygen,
controlled by both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defense systems. In the heart …

Oxidative stress, defined as an excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) relative
to antioxidant defense, has been shown to play an important role in the pathophysiology of …

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are an important cause of death worldwide. Anthocyanins
are a subgroup of flavonoids found in berries, flowers, fruits and leaves. In epidemiological …

Based on the “free radical theory” of disease, researchers have been trying to elucidate the
role of oxidative stress from free radicals in cardiovascular disease. Considerable data …

Hyperuricaemia is common in subjects with cardiovascular disease, but is not commonly
considered a true risk factor. Recent studies suggest that uric acid is biologically active and …

Redox signaling refers to the specific and usually reversible oxidation/reduction modification
of molecules involved in cellular signaling pathways. In the heart, redox signaling regulates …

Uric acid is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism in humans. Xanthine
oxidoreductase (XOR) catalyzes oxidative hydroxylation of hypoxanthine to xanthine to uric …

cellular apoptosis signaling kinase-1, a redox-sensitive kinase upstream of Jun-nuclear
kinase and p38. Apoptosis signaling kinase-1 overexpression activates nuclear factor κB to …

Well over 2 decades have passed since the endothelium-derived relaxation factor was
reported to be the gaseous molecule nitric oxide (NO). Although soluble guanylyl cyclase …