Microglia-astrocyte crosstalk has recently been at the forefront of glial research. Emerging
evidence illustrates that microglia-and astrocyte-derived signals are the functional …

Chronic pain resulting from nerve injury, tissue inflammation, and tumor invasion or
treatment, is a major health problem impacting the quality of life and producing a significant …

Previous studies have shown that activation of p38 mitogen-activating kinase (MAPK) in
spinal microglia participates in the generation of inflammatory and neuropathic pain in …

Microglia and peripheral monocytes contribute to hypersensitivity in rodent models of
neuropathic pain. However, the precise respective function of microglia and peripheral …

The sense of touch is fundamental as it provides vital, moment-to-moment information about
the nature of our physical environment. Primary sensory neurons provide the basis for this …

Objective This article reviews the structural and functional changes in pain chronification
and explores the association between memory and the development of chronic pain …

Increasing evidence suggests that spinal microglia regulate pathological pain in males. In
this study, we investigated the effects of several microglial and astroglial modulators on …

The gate control theory of pain proposes that inhibitory neurons of the spinal dorsal horn
exert critical control over the relay of nociceptive signals to higher brain areas. Here we …

Chronic pain attenuates midbrain dopamine (DA) transmission, as evidenced by a decrease
in opioid-evoked DA release in the ventral striatum, suggesting that the occurrence of …

The question of how the neural and immune systems interact in host defense is important,
integrating a system that senses the whole body with one that protects. Understanding the …