In a reverberant environment, sounds reach the ears through several paths. Although the
direct sound is followed by multiple reflections, which would be audible in isolation, the first …

In ordinary listening environments, acoustic signals reaching the ears directly from real
sound sources are followed after a few milliseconds by early reflections arriving from nearby …

Spatial hearing, and more specifically the ability to localize sounds in space, is one of the
most studied and best understood aspects of hearing. Because there is no coding of …

This article addresses how a consideration of peripheral auditory processing can help to
understand experiments concerning binaural precedence that employ successive binaural …

Several studies have shown that blind humans can gather spatial information through
echolocation. However, when localizing sound sources, the precedence effect suppresses …

Normal-hearing human listeners and a variety of studied animal species localize sound
sources accurately in reverberant environments by responding to the directional cues …

The precedence effect describes phenomena that are believed to aid localization of sounds
in reverberant environments. These phenomena relate to the emphasis given to the first …

The process of extracting information about the locations of acoustic sources from the
characteristics of two sound pressure waveforms has been addressed from several points of …

Localization of sounds in the horizontal plane depends on interaural differences established
by the sound source location, environment, and anatomy of the listener. Important interaural …

The precedence effect (PE) refers to the dominance of directional information carried by a
direct sound (lead) over the spatial information contained in its multiple reflections (lags) in …