Bile acids are a group of chemically different steroids generated at the host/microbial
interface. Indeed, while primary bile acids are the end-product of cholesterol breakdown in …

A highly conserved but convoluted network of neurons and glial cells, the enteric nervous
system (ENS), is positioned along the wall of the gut to coordinate digestive processes and …

Gastrointestinal (GI) discomfort is a hallmark of most gut disorders and represents an
important component of chronic visceral pain. For the growing population afflicted by irritable …

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common, chronic-relapsing inflammatory skin disease with
significant disease burden. Genetic and environmental trigger factors contribute to AD …

Gut microbiota and their metabolites like bile acid (BA) have been investigated as causes of
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms. Primary BAs are synthesized and conjugated in …

Soft polymer nanoparticles designed to disassemble and release an antagonist of the
neurokinin 1 receptor (NK 1 R) in endosomes provide efficacious yet transient relief from …

Introduction Chronic itch is a central symptom of atopic dermatitis. Cutaneous afferent
neurons express receptors interleukins (IL)-4, IL-13, and IL-33, which are type 2 cytokines …

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare, chronic liver disease with no approved
therapies. The ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has been widely used, although there is no …

Interplay between physiological systems in the body plays a prominent role in health and
disease. At the cellular level, such interplay is orchestrated through the binding of specific …

Bile acids (BAs) are known to be important regulators of intestinal motility and epithelial fluid
and electrolyte transport. Over the past two decades, significant advances in identifying and …