Recognition of pathogen-derived molecules by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is a
common feature of both animal and plant innate immune systems. In plants, PRR signalling …

Plants solely rely on innate immunity of each individual cell to deal with a diversity of
microbes in the environment. Extracellular recognition of microbe‐and host damage …

Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptor-mediated immunity includes rapid
production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and transcriptional reprogramming, which is …

Stomata exert considerable effects on global carbon and water cycles by mediating gas
exchange and water vapour,. Stomatal closure prevents water loss in response to …

Pathogen-or microbe-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/MAMPs) are detected as
nonself by host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and activate pattern-triggered immunity …

Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is critical for successful activation of immune
responses against pathogen infection. The plant NADPH oxidase RBOHD is a primary …

Plants use diverse immune receptors to sense pathogen attacks. Recognition of pathogen-
associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by pattern recognition receptors localized on the …

Highlights•MAPK cascades are conserved signaling modules downstream of cell surface
receptors.•Plant perception of endogenous and exogenous signals converges on MAPK …

Phosphatidic acid (PA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are crucial cellular messengers
mediating diverse signaling processes in metazoans and plants. How PA homeostasis is …

Perception of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) by cell-surface-resident
pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) induces rapid, robust, and selective transcriptional …