RNA silencing is a well-established antiviral immunity system in plants, in which small RNAs
guide Argonaute proteins to targets in viral RNA or DNA, resulting in virus repression. Virus …

DNA methylation is a conserved epigenetic modification that is important for gene regulation
and genome stability. Aberrant patterns of DNA methylation can lead to plant developmental …

Plant intra-individual and inter-individual variation can be determined by the epigenome, a
set of covalent modifications of DNA and chromatin that can alter genome structure and …

Plant genomes encode various small RNAs that function in distinct, yet overlapping, genetic
and epigenetic silencing pathways. However, the abundance and diversity of small-RNA …

Methylation of DNA and of histone 3 at Lys 9 (H3K9) are highly correlated with gene
silencing in eukaryotes from fungi to humans. Both of these epigenetic marks need to be …

Understanding genomic functions requires site-specific manipulation of loci via efficient
protein effector targeting systems. However, few approaches for targeted manipulation of the …

Epigenetic modifications in DNA bases and histone proteins play important roles in the
regulation of gene expression and genome stability. Chemical modification of DNA base …

Diverse classes of RNA, ranging from small to long non-coding RNAs, have emerged as key
regulators of gene expression, genome stability and defence against foreign genetic …

RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) is the major small RNA-mediated epigenetic
pathway in plants. RdDM requires a specialized transcriptional machinery that comprises …

Plants have an extraordinary diversity of transcription machineries, including five nuclear
DNA-dependent RNA polymerases. Four of these enzymes are dedicated to the production …