As reperfusion therapies have become more widely used in acute myocardial infarction
patients, ischemia-induced myocardial damage has been markedly reduced, but reperfusion …

Cardiac fibrosis remains an unresolved problem in heart diseases. After initial injury, cardiac
fibroblasts (CFs) are activated and subsequently differentiate into myofibroblasts (myoFbs) …

Although fibrosis is a common pathological feature of most end-stage organ diseases, its
pathogenesis remains unclear. There is growing evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction …

As key organelles involved in cellular metabolism, mitochondria frequently undergo
adaptive changes in morphology, components and functions in response to various …

Background Cigarette smoking (CS) is a strong risk factor for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
(IPF). It can activate lung fibroblasts (LF) by inducing redox imbalance. We previously …

When faced with increased workload the heart undergoes remodelling, where it increases
its muscle mass in an attempt to preserve normal function. This is referred to as cardiac …

Mitochondria are the main organelles that produce adenosine 5′‐triphosphate (ATP) and
reactive oxygen species (ROS) in eukaryotic cells and meanwhile susceptible to oxidative …

Abstract The TGF beta-1,-2 and-3 isoforms are transcribed from different genes but bind to
the same receptors and signal through the same canonical and non-canonical signal …

Heart failure is a worldwide pandemic influencing 26 million individuals worldwide and is
expanding. Imbalanced redox homeostasis in cardiac cells alters the structure and function …

Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death worldwide in the last decade,
accompanied by immense health and economic burdens. Heart failure (HF), as the terminal …