Hepatocytes operate in highly structured repeating anatomical units termed liver lobules.
Blood flow along the lobule radial axis creates gradients of oxygen, nutrients and hormones …

Cytochromes P450 (CYP) are a major source of variability in drug pharmacokinetics and
response. Of 57 putatively functional human CYPs only about a dozen enzymes, belonging …

This review encompasses the most important advances in liver functions and hepatotoxicity
and analyzes which mechanisms can be studied in vitro. In a complex architecture of nested …

The mammalian liver is composed of repeating hexagonal units termed lobules. Spatially
resolved single-cell transcriptomics has revealed that about half of hepatocyte genes are …

Highlights•Cells in tissues operate in structured microenvironments.•Studying division of
labor in tissues requires spatially-resolved transcriptomics.•This is enabled by highly …

Highlights•We now have metabolic network models; the metabolome is represented by their
nodes.•Metabolite levels are sensitive to changes in enzyme activities.•Drugs hitchhike on …

A new generation of technologies commonly named omics permits assessment of the
entirety of the components of biological systems and produces an explosion of data and a …

In silico tools and resources are now used commonly in toxicology and to support the “Next
Generation Risk Assessment”(NGRA) of cosmetics ingredients or materials. This review …

In 2006, Jones and Dangl proposed a simple coevolutionary model of plant–pathogen
interactions, called the 'zigzag'model, which encompasses two branches of the plant …

The impairment of hepatic metabolism due to liver injury has high systemic relevance.
However, it is difficult to calculate the impairment of metabolic capacity from a specific …