Biological diversity is the basis for, and an indicator of biosphere integrity. Together with
climate change, its loss is one of the two most important planetary boundaries. A halt in …

Arctic regions are disproportionately affected by atmospheric warming, with cascading
effects on multiple surface processes. Atmospheric warming is destabilizing permafrost …

Climate change has a major impact on arctic and boreal terrestrial ecosystems as warming
leads to northward treeline shifts, inducing consequences for heterotrophic organisms …

Over the past several decades, various trends in vegetation productivity, from increases to
decreases, have been observed throughout Arctic–Boreal ecosystems. While some of this …

Forests play a crucial role in Earth's system processes and provide a suite of social and
economic ecosystem services, but are significantly impacted by human activities, leading to …

This review summarizes current understanding of drivers for change and of the impact of
accelerating global changes on mountains, encompassing effects of climate change and …

Climate-induced northward advance of boreal forest is expected to lessen albedo, alter
carbon stocks, and replace tundra, but where and when this advance will occur remains …

Abstract Background and Aims In tundra systems, soil-borne lichens are often the dominant
groundcover organisms, and act to buffer microclimate extremes within or at the surface of …

The biodiversity of tundra areas in northern high latitudes is threatened by invasion of forests
under global warming. However, poorly understood nonlinear responses of the treeline …

The Arctic is one chapter from the State of the Climate in 2020 annual report and is available
from https://doi. org/10.1175/BAMS-D-21-0086.1. Compiled by NOAA's National Centers for …