A dense and diverse microbial community inhabits the gut and many epithelial surfaces.
Referred to as the microbiota, it co-evolved with the host and is beneficial for many host …

Bacteria have evolved a wide range of mechanisms to harm and kill their competitors,
including chemical, mechanical and biological weapons. Here we review the incredible …

Xanthomonas spp. encompass a wide range of plant pathogens that use numerous
virulence factors for pathogenicity and fitness in plant hosts. In this Review, we examine …

Bacterial type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are a functionally diverse translocation
superfamily. They consist mainly of two large subfamilies:(i) conjugation systems that …

Type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are versatile multiprotein nanomachines spanning the
entire cell envelope in Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria. They play important …

Xanthomonas is a well-studied genus of bacterial plant pathogens whose members cause a
variety of diseases in economically important crops worldwide. Genomic and functional …

BACKGROUND Microbial communities are ubiquitous on Earth. The microbiota of different
habitats are diverse and have distinct functional traits, but there are common ecological …

The rhizosphere is a chemically complex environment that harbors a strikingly diverse
microbial community. The past few decades have seen a rapid growth in the body of …

Many bacteria utilize contact-dependent killing machineries to eliminate rivals in their
environmental niches. Here we show that the plant root colonizer Pseudomonas putida …

Many bacteria have evolved specialized nanomachines with the remarkable ability to inject
multiple bacterially encoded effector proteins into eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells. Known as …