In the shallow water environment, the water surface, and the seafloor act as reflective
boundaries for the sound waves. When a sound wave encounters these boundaries, it …

There are several factors which introduces transmission losses in deep water such as:
surface reflections; surface ducts; bottom bounce; convergence zones; deep sound channel; …

The primary objective of this study is to compare the acoustic channel characteristics
between direct and multipath models in shallow and deep-water environments. Moreover …

The vital technology in the marine industry, underwater acoustic communication (UWAC),
which has a crucial subsidiary role in undersea surveillance and military maneuvers. Now a …

Undersea acoustic communications have drawn a lot of attention recently as their uses start
to transition from military to commercial. The acoustic properties of the ocean are …

Acoustic communication has shown to be the most flexible and widely used method in
underwater situations because of the diminutive attenuation (signal reduction) of sound in …

More than 70% of the earth surface is occupied by oceans, is attaining a wide scope for
research from past two decades. The numerous recourses (yet to be explored) present in …

The vital technology in the marine industry, underwater acoustic communication (UWAC),
which has a crucial subsidiary role in undersea surveillance and military maneuvers. Now a …

Undersea acoustic communications have drawn a lot of attention recently as their uses start
to transition from military to commercial. The acoustic properties of the ocean are …

The vital technology in the marine industry, underwater acoustic communication (UWAC),
which has a crucial subsidiary role in undersea surveillance and military maneuvers. Now a …