Computer science students often evaluate the behavior of the code they write by running it
on specific inputs and studying the outputs, and then apply their comprehension to a more …

Understanding the thought processes of students as they progress from initial (incorrect)
answers toward correct answers is a challenge for instructors, both in this pandemic and …

Object-based development using design-by-contract (DbC) is broadly taught and practiced.
Students must be able to read and write symbolic DbC assertions that are sufficiently precise …

The objective of this paper is to summarize our experience in teaching a software
engineering course that emphasizes student learning through activities. It provides an …

Several research studies have shown the benefits of code tracing to promote student
understanding of program behavior. While code tracing on specific input values is a useful …

While testing and tracing on specific input values are useful starting points for students to
understand program behavior, ultimately students need to be able to reason rigorously and …

To develop code that meets its specification and is verifiably correct, such as in a software
engineering course, students must be able to understand formal contracts and annotate their …

Code tracing is fundamental to students' understanding of a program, and symbolic
reasoning that entails learning to use assertions with abstract input and output values, as …

This paper summarizes our efforts to aid human reasoning when verification fails through
the use of two distinct Formalization Integrated Development Environments (F-IDEs) that we …

論文抄録 本稿では, ソフトウェア技術者の素養としての形式手法の体験を目標に,
工業高等専門学校 (工業高専) の本科 4 年生のクラス全員に対して形式手法 B-Method …