Climate change poses a challenge to countries across the world, with news media being an
important source of information on the issue. To understand how and how much news media …

As national political fights are waged at the state level, democracy itself pays the price Over
the past generation, the Democratic and Republican parties have each become nationally …

In recent decades the sustainability of economic growth has become a critical objective for
most world economies. To achieve this objective it is necessary to stabilize or reduce Green …

This paper introduces a simple framework of counterfactual estimation for causal inference
with time‐series cross‐sectional data, in which we estimate the average treatment effect on …

The advent of mass schooling played a pivotal role in European societies of the later
nineteenth century, transforming rural peasants into national citizens. The late-twentieth …

There is widespread agreement that status or standing in the international system is a critical
element in world politics. The desire for status is recognized as a key factor in nuclear …

Why do international organizations (IOs) look so different, yet so similar? The possibilities
are diverse. Some international organizations have just a few member states, while others …

This chapter surveys new development in causal inference using time-series cross-sectional
(TSCS) data. I start by clarifying two identification regimes for TSCS analysis: one under the …

It is widely believed that democracy requires public support to survive. The empirical
evidence for this hypothesis is weak, however, with existing tests resting on small cross …

Higher national incomes are correlated with political stability. Is this relationship causal? We
test three theories linking income to conflict with new data on export price shocks. Price …