The mammalian retina consists of neurons of> 60 distinct types, each playing a specific role
in processing visual images. They are arranged in three main stages. The first decomposes …

The jawless fish that were ancestral to all living vertebrates had four spectral cone types that
were probably served by chromatic-opponent retinal circuits. Subsequent evolution of …

Lateral interactions in the outer retina, particularly negative feedback from horizontal cells to
cones and direct feed-forward input from horizontal cells to bipolar cells, play a number of …

Synaptic interactions to extract information about wavelength, and thus color, begin in the
vertebrate retina with three classes of light-sensitive cells: rod photoreceptors at low light …

For efficient coding, sensory systems need to adapt to the distribution of signals to which
they are exposed. In vision, natural scenes above and below the horizon differ in the …

The first synapse of the retina plays a fundamental role in the visual system. Due to its
importance, it is critical that it encodes information from the outside world with the greatest …

Many brain regions contain local interneurons of distinct types. How does an interneuron
type contribute to the input-output transformations of a given brain region? We addressed …

The reciprocal synapse between photoreceptors and horizontal cells underlies lateral
inhibition and establishes the antagonistic center-surround receptive fields of retinal …

The development of a bioinspired image sensor, which can match the functionality of the
vertebrate retina, has provided new opportunities for vision systems and processing through …

In addition to the role that our visual system plays in determining what we are seeing right
now, visual computations contribute in important ways to predicting what we will see next …