Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury activates microglia, resident immune cells in the brain,
and allows the infiltration of circulating immune cells into the ischemic lesions. Microglia play …

Glial cells constitute a large percentage of cells in the nervous system. During recent years,
a large number of studies have critically attributed to glia a new role which no longer reflects …

Background Cerebral ischemia promotes morphological reactions of the neurons,
astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia in experimental studies. Our aim was to …

Ischemic brain injuries caused release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)
that activate microglia/macrophages (MG/MPs) by binding to Toll-like receptors. Using …

Focal cerebral ischemia results in an ischemic core surrounded by the peri‐infarct region
(penumbra). Most research attention has been focused on penumbra while the pattern of …

Brain edema formation and the ensuing brain damages are the major cause of high mortality
and long term disability following the occurrence of ischemic stroke. In this process, oxygen …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability. The underlying
pathophysiology is characterized by secondary processes including neuronal death and …

We investigated activated microglia in ischemic brain lesions from rats that had been
subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Activated microglia expressing NG2 …

Background. Focal cerebral ischemia induces distinct neuroinflammatory processes. We
recently reported the extracellular phosphor‐glyco‐protein osteopontin (OPN) to directly …

Our aim was to examine the spatiotemporal profiles and phenotypic characteristics of
neuron-glia antigen 2 (NG2) glia and their associations with neuroglial cells in striatal …