Objective The aim of this review article is to summarize the latest findings and current
understanding of the origin of melanin in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), its function …

Vitamins C and E and zeaxanthin are components of a supplement tested in a large clinical
trial—Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2)—and it has been demonstrated that they …

Continuous exposure of human skin to air pollution can result in a range of undesirable skin
conditions. In our recent study, UV and visible light were found to increase cytotoxicity of fine …

Accumulation of lipofuscin in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a hallmark of aging and
is associated with retinal degeneration encountered in age-related macular degeneration …

Dysfunction of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is associated with several diseases
characterized by retinal degeneration, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR). However, it has …

Dehydrolutein accumulates in substantial concentrations in the retina. The aim of this study
was to compare antioxidant properties of dehydrolutein with other retinal carotenoids, lutein …

Curcumin is a plant‐derived yellow‐orange compound widely used as a spice, dye and food
additive. It is also believed to have therapeutic effects against different disorders. On the …

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous organic compounds in the
environment. They are produced by many anthropogenic sources of different origins and are …

Oxidative stress and inflammation in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells have been
identified as significant risk factors in the development and progression of retinal associated …

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising alternative treatment for localized lesions and
infections, utilizing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by photosensitizers (PS) upon …