Plant hormones have pivotal roles in the regulation of plant growth, development, and
reproduction. Additionally, they emerged as cellular signal molecules with key functions in …

The evolution of land plants approximately 470 million years ago created a new adaptive
zone for natural enemies (attackers) of plants. In response to attack, plants evolved highly …

Plants synthesize jasmonates (JAs) in response to developmental cues or environmental
stresses, in order to coordinate plant growth, development or defense against pathogens …

Over the past decade, advances in both molecular developmental biology and evolutionary
ecology have made possible a new understanding of organisms as dynamic systems …

Attacks by herbivores elicit changes in the bouquet of volatiles released by plants. These
herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) have been interpreted as being indirect defenses …

Plants respond to herbivore attack by emitting complex mixtures of volatile compounds that
attract herbivore enemies, both predators and parasitoids. Here, we explore whether these …

Every plant is a member of a complex insect community that consists of tens to hundreds of
species that belong to different trophic levels. The dynamics of this community are critically …

Several soil-borne microbes such as mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth-promoting
rhizobacteria can help plants to deal with biotic and abiotic stresses via plant growth …

Phloem-feeding insects feed on plant phloem using their stylets. While ingesting phloem
sap, these insects secrete saliva to circumvent plant defenses. Previous studies have shown …

Plants often release a blend of volatile organic compounds in response to damage by
herbivorous insects that may serve as cues to locate those herbivores by natural enemies …