A large literature shares the view that social norms shape human cooperation, but without a
clean empirical identification of the relevant norms almost every behaviour can be …

I survey the literature post Ledyard (Handbook of Experimental Economics, ed. by J. Kagel,
A. Roth, Chap. 2, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1995) on three related issues in …

Cooperation is central to human social behaviour,,,,,,,,. However, choosing to cooperate
requires individuals to incur a personal cost to benefit others. Here we explore the cognitive …

There is strong evidence that people exploit their bargaining power in competitive markets
but not in bilateral bargaining situations. There is also strong evidence that people exploit …

MosT CURRENT economic models assume that people pursue only their own material self-
interest and do not care about" social" goals. One exception to self-interest which has …

Page 1 RULES, GAMES, & COMMON-POOL RESOURCES Elinor Ostrom, Roy Gardner, &
James Walker MICHIGAN Page 2 Page 3 Rules, Games, and Common-Pool Resources This …

I assume multiple types of players--“rational egoists,” as well as “conditional cooperators”
and “willing punishers”--in models of nonmarket behavior. I use an indirect evolutionary …

Models of giving have often been based on altruism. Examples include charity and
intergenerational transfers. The literatures on both subjects have centered around neutrality …

Casual evidence as well as daily experience suggest that many people have a strong
aversion against being the “sucker” in social dilemma situations. As a consequence, those …

Environments with public goods are a wonderful playground for those interested in delicate
experimental problems, serious theoretical challenges, and difficult mechanism design …