This article surveys the Variable Autonomy (VA) robotics literature that considers two
contributory elements to Trustworthy AI: transparency and explainability. These elements …

Humans working with autonomous artificially intelligent systems may not be experts in the
inner workings of their machine teammates, but need to understand when to employ, trust …

End-to-end learning has emerged as a major paradigm for developing autonomous
controllers. Unfortunately, with its performance and convenience comes an even greater …

This paper presents a Mixed-Initiative (MI) framework for addressing the problem of control
authority transfer between a remote human operator and an AI agent when cooperatively …

Introduction: Human–robot teams are being called upon to accomplish increasingly complex
tasks. During execution, the robot may operate at different levels of autonomy (LOAs) …

Adjusting the level of autonomy in human-machine systems (eg, human-robot systems)
holds great potential for achieving high system performance while maintaining operator …

In the realm of semi-autonomous mobile robots designed for remote operation with humans,
current variable autonomy approaches struggle to reconcile conflicting intents while …

Using different Levels of Autonomy (LoA), a human operator can vary the extent of control
they have over a robot's actions. LoAs enable operators to mitigate a robot's performance …

Adjusting operator support in human-machine systems is a promising way of combining
operator involvement with high overall system performance. Adaptive automation aims to …

Environmental adversities can severely impact the performance of human-robot teams,
potentially even leading to task failure. If the operator and the robot automation are not …