Abstract The PI3K/AKT/mTOR (PAM) signaling pathway is a highly conserved signal
transduction network in eukaryotic cells that promotes cell survival, cell growth, and cell …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disorder that leads to disability and affects
more than 500 million population worldwide. OA was believed to be caused by the wearing …

Abstract The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway plays a crucial role in various
cellular processes and is aberrantly activated in cancers, contributing to the occurrence and …

The target of rapamycin (TOR), discovered 30 years ago, is a highly conserved
serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a central role in regulating cell growth and …

Abstract The Ser/Thr kinase mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a central regulator of
cellular metabolism. As part of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), mTOR integrates signals such …

Cancer is the second leading cause of human death globally. PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling is
one of the most frequently dysregulated signaling pathways observed in cancer patients that …

The mTOR pathway integrates a diverse set of environmental cues, such as growth factor
signals and nutritional status, to direct eukaryotic cell growth. Over the past two and a half …

The altered metabolic programme of cancer cells facilitates their cell-autonomous
proliferation and survival. In normal cells, signal transduction pathways control core cellular …

The molecular mechanisms of cellular insulin action have been the focus of much
investigation since the discovery of the hormone 100 years ago. Insulin action is impaired in …

Aberrant metabolism is a major hallmark of cancer. Abnormal cancer metabolism, such as
aerobic glycolysis and increased anabolic pathways, has important roles in tumorigenesis …