Transgenic maize and cotton expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins were first
commercialized in 1996. By 2009, Bt crops were planted on ca. 47.6 Mha in 22 countries …

Extensive use of chemical pesticides poses a great threat to the environment and food
safety. The discovery of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins with effective insecticidal activity …

One field strain each of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner); southwestern
corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella Dyar; and sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.); …

Widespread adoption of Bt crops and persistence of Bt toxins expressed in transgenic plants
could cause rapid evolution of resistance in pests and lead to the loss of the intrinsic …

Susceptibilities of 82 bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and 44 tobacco budworm,
Heliothis virescens (F.)(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), populations to Cry2Ab2 protein were …

Transgenic crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) endotoxins have become one of the
most important tools for managing corn and cotton insect pests in the US and other …

The genetically modified maize expressing Vip3Aa20 insecticidal protein from Bacillus
thuringiensis Berliner is a biotechnological option for the control of Spodoptera frugiperda …

Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith), is a major pest of many crops and a cross-
crop target of transgenic maize, cotton, and soybean containing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) …

Transgenic maize [Zea mays L.(Poaceae)] expressing Bacillus thuringiensis proteins (Bt
maize) has become the most important tool for managing stalk borers in maize in the USA …

Field and laboratory colonies of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and Heliothis virescens (F.) were
exposed to Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab2 toxins to compare different mortality and mortality+ stunting …