CD47 is an immunoglobulin that is overexpressed on the surface of many types of cancer
cells. CD47 forms a signaling complex with signal-regulatory protein α (SIRPα), enabling the …

Neutrophils or polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) are key participants in the innate
immune response for their ability to execute different effector functions. These cells express …

WNT/β-catenin signaling is involved in many physiological processes. Its implication in
embryonic development, cell migration, and polarization has been shown. Nevertheless …

Tumorigenesis is not only determined by the intrinsic properties of cancer cells but also by
their interactions with components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor‐associated …

Abstract Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), at the core of immunosuppressive cells
and cytokines networks, play a crucial role in tumor immune evasion. Increasing evidences …

Macrophages are one of the most abundant non‐malignant cells in the tumor
microenvironment, playing critical roles in mediating tumor immunity. As important innate …

Staphylococcus aureus is a notorious opportunistic pathogen causing a plethora of
diseases. Recent research established that once phagocytosed by neutrophils and …

Hypoxia is not only a prominent contributor to the heterogeneity of solid tumors but also a
crucial stressor in the microenvironment to drive adaptations for tumors to evade …

The response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) monotherapy remains unsatisfactory in
patients with NSCLC. Thus, combining ICIs with other potential modalities is of great …

Background Immunotherapy has emerged as a novel strategy for cancer treatment following
surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Immune checkpoint blockade and Chimeric …