Background: The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) has emerged as one
of the most important autonomic control centers in the brain, with neurons playing essential …

The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is a unique and important brain region
involved in the control of cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, and other physiological functions …

There is growing evidence to suggest that many disease states are accompanied by chronic
elevations in sympathetic nerve activity. The present review will specifically focus on central …

Obesity and arterial hypertension are important public health problems. Both overweight and
hypertension predispose to cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction, stroke …

The regulation of sympathetic nerve activity in chronic heart failure (CHF) has been an area
of renewed investigation. Understanding the central mechanisms that are responsible for …

Experimental evidence indicates that the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus modulates
sympathetic vasomotor tone and blood pressure and that this modulation is altered in some …

The gaseous molecule nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in cardiovascular
homeostasis. It plays this role by its action on both the central and peripheral autonomic …

It is now well accepted that the sympathetic nervous system responds to specific afferent
stimuli in a unique non‐uniform fashion. The means by which the brain transforms the …

Glucocorticoids exert an opposing rapid regulation of glutamate and GABA synaptic inputs
to hypothalamic magnocellular neurons via the activation of postsynaptic membrane …

Recent studies have implicated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the pathogenesis of
hypertension and activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). Because nitric oxide …