Bacteria influence eukaryotic biology as parasitic, commensal or beneficial symbionts. Aside
from these organismal interactions, bacteria have also been important sources of new …

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is the sharing of genetic material between organisms that are
not in a parent–offspring relationship. HGT is a widely recognized mechanism for adaptation …

The recent rate of emergence of pathogenic fungi that are resistant to the limited number of
commonly used antifungal agents is unprecedented. The azoles, for example, are used not …

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT), the movement of genetic material across branches of the
tree of life, is well established in prokaryotes and uncontroversial. This is explained in part …

Many species of fungi and oomycetes are plant pathogens of great economic importance.
Over the past 7 years, the genomes of more than 30 of these filamentous plant pathogens …

The past two decades have seen an increasing number of virulent infectious diseases in
natural populations and managed landscapes. In both animals and plants, an …

Fungal plant pathogens secrete effector molecules to establish disease on their hosts, and
plants in turn use immune receptors to try to intercept these effectors. The tomato immune …

Plants produce a wide range of allelochemicals to defend against herbivore attack, and
generalist herbivores have evolved mechanisms to avoid, sequester, or detoxify a broad …

Horizontal transfer (HT) of genetic material is central to the architecture and evolution of
prokaryote genomes. Within eukaryotes, the majority of HTs reported so far are transfers of …

Unlike most other fungi, molds of the genus Trichoderma (Hypocreales, Ascomycota) are
aggressive parasites of other fungi and efficient decomposers of plant biomass. Although …