Twenty-five years have passed since the discovery of cyclic dimeric (3′→ 5′) GMP (cyclic
di-GMP or c-di-GMP). From the relative obscurity of an allosteric activator of a bacterial …

For an organism to survive, it must be able to sense its environment and regulate
physiological processes accordingly. Understanding how bacteria integrate signals from …

Most microbes evolve faster than their hosts and should therefore drive evolution of host–
microbe interactions. However, relatively little is known about the characteristics that define …

Surface sensing is a critical process that promotes the transition to a biofilm lifestyle. Several
surface-sensing mechanisms have been described for a range of species, most involving …

Infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa have become a concerning threat in hospital-
acquired infections and for cystic fibrosis patients. The major problem leading to high …

In the present review, we describe and compare the molecular mechanisms that are
involved in the regulation of biofilm formation by P seudomonas putida, P seudomonas …

Cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) synthetases and hydrolases (GGDEF, EAL, and HD-GYP
domains) can be readily identified in bacterial genome sequences by using standard …

Cyclic di-and linear oligo-nucleotide signals activate defenses against invasive nucleic
acids in animal immunity; however, their evolutionary antecedents are poorly understood …

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a versatile opportunistic pathogen capable of infecting a broad
range of hosts, in addition to thriving in a broad range of environmental conditions outside of …

Response regulators (RRs) within two-component signal transduction systems control a
variety of cellular processes. Most RRs contain DNA-binding output domains and serve as …