A proper dialogue between spermatozoa and the egg is essential for conception of a new
individual in sexually reproducing animals. Ca2+ is crucial in orchestrating this unique event …

Sperm motility is linked to the activation of signaling pathways that trigger movement. These
pathways are mainly dependent on Ca2+, which acts as a secondary messenger. The …

Sperm require a sense of direction to locate the egg for fertilization. They follow gradients of
chemical and physical cues provided by the egg or the oviduct. However, the principles …

Intracellular pH (pHi) regulation is essential for cell function. Notably, several unique sperm
ion transporters and enzymes whose elimination causes infertility are either pHi dependent …

STUDY QUESTION Can flagellar analyses be scaled up to provide automated tracking of
motile sperm, and does knowledge of the flagellar waveform provide new insight not …

Sperm are guided to the egg by a gradient of chemical attractants–a process called
chemotaxis. The binding of the chemoattractant to receptors on the surface of the flagellum …

The lifespan of spermatozoa from externally fertilizing freshwater fish ranges from a few
seconds to several minutes, depending on the species. External factors, such as …

Eukaryotic cells convert external stimuli into membrane depolarization, which in turn triggers
effector responses such as secretion and contraction. Here, we put forward an evolutionary …

Sperm are propelled by bending waves traveling along their flagellum. For steering in
gradients of sensory cues, sperm adjust the flagellar waveform. Symmetric and asymmetric …

The chemotaxis of sperm towards eggs is a widespread phenomenon that occurs in most
forms of life from lower plants to mammals and plays important roles in ensuring fertilization …