Darwin developed the theory of sexual selection to account for the evolution of weaponry,
ornamentation and other secondary sexual characters that are commonly more developed …

Sex-specific morphs exhibit discrete phenotypes, often including many disparate traits, that
are observed in only one sex. These morphs have evolved independently in many different …

Discrete variation where one sex has more than one means of achieving the same
functional end, such as mating or nesting (alternative strategies and tactics), requires an …

Rapid evolutionary change over a few generations has been documented in natural
populations. Such changes are observed as organisms invade new environments, and they …

Female-limited polychromatism is frequent in many species of Odonata. Ischnura elegans
has three colour morphs: one male-like coloured (androchrome) and two additional …

We compiled data on the occurrence and frequency of distinct female variants among
Holarctic Odonata and interpreted the data in light of harassment-based hypotheses. The …

It is common to refer to all sorts of clear-cut differences between the sexes as something that
is biologically almost inevitable. Although this does not reflect the status of evolutionary …

In many coenagrionid damselflies, sexually mature females exhibit color polymorphisms,
with some females resembling conspecific males. Although it has been suggested that the …

In a recent paper, Birkhead (1998) considers the criteria necessary to demonstrate that
females are able to coordinate their use of sperm to bias paternity in favor of some males …

We focused on male harassment on different female color morphs of the damselfly Ischnura
elegans and on variation in morph-specific mating avoidance tactics by females. In I …