Originating in the equatorial Pacific, the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has highly
consequential global impacts, motivating the need to understand its responses to …

Abstract The climate of South America (SA) has long held an intimate connection with El
Niño, historically describing anomalously warm sea-surface temperatures off the coastline of …

Infectious diseases can cause rapid population declines or species extinctions. Many
pathogens of terrestrial and marine taxa are sensitive to temperature, rainfall, and humidity …

In the future, the Sahara and Sahelian regions could experience more rainfall than today as
a result of climate change. Wetter periods, termed African humid periods, occurred in the …

The last 6000years are of particular interest to the understanding of the Earth System
because the boundary conditions of the climate system did not change dramatically (in …

Titanium and iron concentration data from the anoxic Cariaco Basin, off the Venezuelan
coast, can be used to infer variations in the hydrological cycle over northern South America …

Although the dramatic climate disruptions of the last glacial period have received
considerable attention, relatively little has been directed toward climate variability in the …

We present a continuous record of the Asian monsoon over the last 16 ka from δ18O
measurements of stalagmite calcite. Over 900 oxygen isotopic measurements providing …

The organic matter content of lake sediments contains information that helps to reconstruct
past environmental conditions, evaluate histories of climate change, and assess impacts of …

Abstract The variability of El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) during the Holocene epoch,
in particular on millennial timescales, is poorly understood. Palaeoclimate studies have …