Macular edema consists of intra-or subretinal fluid accumulation in the macular region. It
occurs during the course of numerous retinal disorders and can cause severe impairment of …

Elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor for neurodegeneration in
glaucoma. Glial cells, which play an important role in normal functioning of retinal neurons …

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a type III intermediate filament, is a marker of mature
astrocytes. The expression of GFAP gene is regulated by many transcription factors (TFs) …

The brain has high-order functions and is composed of several kinds of cells, such as
neurons and glial cells. It is becoming clear that many kinds of neurodegenerative diseases …

Objective: To trace microstructural changes in patients with aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4-ab)-
seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) by investigating the afferent …

Objectives Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are inflammatory conditions of
the central nervous system and an important differential diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) …

Neurovascular pathologies of the central nervous system (CNS), which are associated with
barrier dysfunction, are leading causes of death and disability. The roles that neuronal and …

Objective: The “Glymphatic” system, a network of perivascular tunnels wrapped by astrocyte
endfeet, was reported to be closely associated with the diseases of the central nervous …

The main water channel of the brain, aquaporin-4 (AQP4), is one of the classical water-
specific aquaporins. It is expressed in many epithelial tissues in the basolateral membrane …

Ethnopharmacological relevance Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a kind of complex
complication of late diabetes mellitus with high incidence and risk of blindness. Bushen …