In this review, we consider the definitions and experimental approaches to emotional
contagion and prosocial behaviour in mammals and explore their evolutionary …

Uncertainty has long been of interest to economists and psychologists and has more
recently gained attention among ecologists. In the ecological world, animals must regularly …

Highlights•We experimentally assess prosocial motivation and mutually beneficial
cooperation.•Prosocial monkeys were better at cooperating in a coordinated string-pulling …

Maintaining energy balance and reproducing are important for fitness, yet animals have
evolved mechanisms by which the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal/interrenal (HPA/HPI) axis …

Many prey species rely on publicly available personal and social information regarding local
predation threats to assess risks and make context-appropriate behavioral decisions …

When faced with uncertainty, animals can benefit from using multiple sources of information
in order to make an optimal decision. However, information sources (eg, social and personal …

Parents routinely encounter stress in the ecological environment that can affect offspring
development (transgenerational plasticity: TGP); however, parents' interactions with …

Abstract Information received from the visual and chemical senses is qualitatively different.
For prey species in aquatic environments, visual cues are spatially and temporally reliable …

Highlights•We manipulated uncertainty of risk by conditioning tadpoles to a predator either
once or five times.•After one exposure, generalized fright responses decreased with …

In aquatic environments, uninjured prey escaping a predator release chemical disturbance
cues into the water. However, it is unknown whether these cues are a simple physiological …