Objectives COVID-19 is a transmissible illness triggered by severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Since its onset in late 2019 in Wuhan city of China …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder known for its complex
pathogenesis, in which cytokines play an essential role. It seems that the modulation of …

Tumor necrosis factors (TNFs) are pleiotropic cytokines with important functions in
homeostasis and disease pathogenesis. Recent advances have shown that TNFs are also …

Tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α) is a pleiotropic pro‑inflammatory cytokine that contributes to
the pathophysiology of several autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis …

The multifactorial pathogenesis of severe malaria is partly attributed to host genes, such as
those encoding cytokines involved in complex inflammatory reactions, namely tumor …

Background The impact of genetic variants in the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-
α) and its receptors in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity has not been …

Lupus nephritis (LN) is a significant cause of various acute and chronic renal diseases,
which can eventually lead to end-stage renal disease. The pathogenic mechanisms of LN …

More than 100 Babesia spp. tick-borne parasites are known to infect mammalian and avian
hosts. Babesia belong to Order Piroplasmid ranked in the Phylum Apicomplexa. Recent …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an inflammatory disorder related to immunity
dysfunction. The Th1 cell family including Th1 cells, transcription factor T-bet, and related …

Objective. To elucidate the main mechanism of Xijiao Dihuang decoction (XJDHT) for the
treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods. TCMSP, BATMAN‐TCM, ETCM …