Abstract “Nudges” are being widely promoted to encourage energy conservation. We show
that the popular electricity conservation “nudge” of providing feedback to households on …

Compensatory advantage is a mechanism of social stratification that complements
cumulative advantage and path dependence. In this article, I first discuss the theoretical …

This paper develops a specification test for instrument validity in the heterogeneous
treatment effect model with a binary treatment and a discrete instrument. The strongest …

We present evidence of a positive relationship between school starting age and children's
cognitive development from ages 6 to 18 using a fuzzy regression discontinuity design and …

Population health researchers from different fields often address similar substantive
questions but rely on different study designs, reflecting their home disciplines. This is …

I use unique child-level panel data from Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam, four developing
countries with widely differing levels of student achievement, to study the extent to which …

We estimate the returns to college using administrative data on both college enrollment and
earnings. Exploiting that colleges dismiss low-performing students on the basis of exact GPA …

This paper provides a review of methodological advancements in the evaluation of
heterogeneous treatment effect models based on instrumental variable (IV) methods. We …

Using an unanticipated policy reform that shifted 4 months the cutoff date for school eligibility
in the state of Tlaxcala, Mexico, we estimate the effect of relative age on test scores in …

The measurement of grit and other character skills in schools, most often using self-report
questionnaires, has grown in recent years. Very little is known about whether self-report …